Part I.

Central Florida Panhandle

The springs in this region range widely in size and description.  In general, however, they are less developed, less frequently visited than others in the state, and offer many examples of pristine or near-pristine sites.  The spring searcher in this region will find many outstanding springs.  A few, including Vortex, Cypress, and Marianna/Jackson Blue, offer amenities such as food, bathrooms, and even lodging.  For most springs in the Panhandle, however, the recreational visitor must do some planning, paddling, walking, and/or even some exploring to be rewarded with the site of a spring flowing in its silent and infinite business.

The springs in this section are grouped by their general proximity to each other or in the order that a paddler would likely encounter them on a river.
 
 

Part I Contents

          Chipola River Springs
               Blue Hole Spring
                    An Essay on Florida Caverns State Park
               Baltzell (or Bosel or Bozell) Springs group
               Sandbag Spring
               Unamed Grotto/Wastewater Spring
               Unnamed Alcove Spring
               Unnamed Chipola Riverbank Springs
               Dykes Spring
               Unnamed Spring Cascade
               Delightful Grotto Spring and Cascade
               Unnamed Rock Overhang Seep
               Unnamed 2-Tree/3-Trailer Seep
               Unnamed Possible Chipola Spring Runs (5)
               Unnamed Chipola West Bank Seeps
               Unnamed Limestone Boulders Spring
               Possible Spring run Near Highway 280 Bridge

Chipola Tributary Springs
   Tanner Springs
   Webbville Springs
          Merritt's Mill Pond Springs
               Marianna/Jackson Blue Spring
                    An Essay on Marianna Blue Spring
               Shangri-La Spring
               Indian Washtub Spring
               Twin Caves Spring
               Hole-in-the-Rock Spring
               Gator Spring

          Spring Lake Springs Group
               Black Spring
               Double Spring
               Springboard Spring
               Mill Pond Spring
               Gadsen (or Gadsden) Spring

          Other Jackson County Springs
               South Sneads Springs Group (10)
               North Jackson County/Chipola River Springs Group (6)
               South Jackson County/Chipola River Springs Group (5-7)

          Gadsden County Springs
               Chattahoochee Spring
               Glen Julia Spring
               Indian Springs

          Econfina Creek Springs
               Walsingham Spring
               Unnamed Econfina Creek-bed Spring
               Glowing Spring
               Blue Springs Group (9)
               Below-Blue Spring Run
               Econfina Creek Canoe Livery Springs Group
               Williford Spring
               Williford Run Spring
               Sylvian (or Sullivan) Springs Group
               Unnamed Sylvian Tributary Spring
               Other Unnamed Spring Near Sylvian Springs Group
               Pitt Spring
               Fenced Spring 600’ above Gainer
               Gainer Springs Group (4+)
               Emerald Spring
               McCormick Springs Group (4)
               Unnamed Econfina Springs Below Emerald (4+)
                    An Essay on St. Joseph State Park

          Holmes Creek Springs
               Other Holmes Creek Springs (approx. 26, includes Burnt Sock Landing Springs, Burn Out Spring, Mullet Spring, and unnamed
               springs)
               Beckton Spring
               Brunson Landing Springs
               Clemmons Springs
               Cypress Spring
               Galloway Spring
               Hightower Spring
               Jack Paul Springs
               Piney Woods Spring
               Shellcracker Springs

          Other Central Panhandle Springs
               Jackson Spring
               Morrison Spring
               Ponce de Leon Spring
               Vortex (Blue) Spring
               White Springs
                    An Essay on Torreya State Park
                    An Essay on the Apalachicola River Bluffs and Ravines
 
 

Chipola River Springs

Blue Hole Spring
Jackson County

Summary of Features
Scale—2nd magnitude
Scenery—good at spring; outstanding in surrounding state park
How Pristine?—nicely developed swim area
Swimming—good to very good
Protection—excellent
Wildlife—fair-good at spring; excellent in surrounding park
Crowds—crowded on warm weekends
Access—excellent
Facilities—very good
Safety—very good
Scuba—no
Cost—$3.25 per car

Directions
Located in Florida Caverns State Park 2.6 miles north of Marianna. From the center of town on U.S. 90, turn right onto Jefferson Street and proceed to the State Park entrance. Within the park, the spring is at the end of the paved road (about 2.5 miles) on the left and clearly sign-posted.

For maps, latitude/longitude data, driving directions, satellite imagery, and topographic representations as well as  weather conditions at this spring, go to Greg Johnson's informative "Florida Springs Database" web site at the following address:  http://www.ThisWaytothe.Net/springs/floridasprings.htm#Florida

Spring Description
The spring lies in a varied geologic area of hills, hardwood forest, floodplain, exposed limestone, caverns, springs, and the Chipola River, which sinks and rises within the park’s boundaries. Perhaps partially fed by the Chipola River, Blue Hole has two pools. The large pool has been made into a swimming area and is 100-140 feet by about 200 feet. The spring lies in the upstream end of the pool and is semicircular. According to Rosenau et al. (1977, p. 178), its depth is up to 26 feet. Fallen trees and milky blue water obscure the vent and water depth; the pool is populated with fish and turtles.

The lower end of the pool serves as a swim area and is about 150 feet in diameter with a beach on one side, a low dive platform on the other, and an arched wooden footbridge over the run which exits to the SE.  There are bathrooms and picnic and playground facilities.  The upper and lower ends of the pool combine to form a rough figure 8 shape.  To the NW of the spring pool, beyond the smaller footbridge, is a small pool that has no surface flow and is filled with logs and limbs.  It looks like a sinkhole and is likely connected to the large pool a few feet away. A t the downstream bridge, the pool narrows to about 30 feet wide and forms a canopied run that flows into Carter's Mill Branch, which in turn flows into the Chipola about 1.2 miles SE.  Trails behind the spring follow the run. Fish, otters, and snakes may be seen in the run.

Because the water in the spring is not quite clear, it may be that the flow is a combination of filtered water and water from the Chipola River, which flows underground nearby.

Use/Access

Local Springiana


An Essay on Florida Caverns State Park
Three miles north of Marianna, Florida Caverns State Park offers more outdoor recreational opportunities than any other place I know of in Florida.  What other spot do you know that has hiking, biking, camping, picnicking, horseback riding, canoeing, kayaking on rapids, boating, fishing, birdwatching, golfing, spring hunting, and, of course, spelunking?

It is the caverns that give the state park its name.  Created during the Depression as a CCC project, the 1,300-acre park is honeycombed with caves large and small.  This un-Florida-like geological feature is the result of Florida’s limestone base bumping the tail end of the uplift that becomes the Appalachians.  And while the caves here do not match Mammoth Cave or Carlsbad Caverns, they nonetheless have an impressive array of stalagmites, stalactites, columns, flowstones, and other formations created over thousands of years by the steady drip of water.

One large cave may be visited on guided tours.  The tour takes about 25 minutes, and the cavern is a constant temperature of 59 degrees.  Native Americans once used the caves for shelter and storage, and their history is told in the park’s informative museum.  The rest of the caves are off limits or even gated to protect fragile formations and colonies of endangered gray bats.  These shy insect-eating creatures are easily disturbed, but warmly welcomed by campers for the tons of mosquitoes they eat.

Bats and insects are not the only residents in the park, which is a safe haven for alligators, deer, and beaver as well as home for a rich variety of birds, fish, and other wildlife.  Some have claimed sightings of the ivory-billed woodpecker in the area, although such are not confirmed and most believe this largest of all woodpeckers is now extinct.  But if the ivory-billed survived anywhere, it might be in these rich floodplains.  Gigantic beech, magnolia, sweet gum, and oak trees shade the lowland areas, and the understory flowers all year long with everything from columbine, native azalea, and sage to leafcups, bottlebrush, and the lovely January-blooming atamasco lily.

The river floodplain trail is the best way to see the many faces of the area.  In 30 minutes, you will go through natural tunnels, climb boulders, see virgin forest and some of the largest trees in the state, and be able to peek into several caves.  The horse trails may also be hiked and loop along spring runs and through deep forest. Riders must provide their own horses.

The Chipola River bisects the park from north to south and is joined within it by two spring runs.  In the middle of the park, the river dips below ground for more than 1,000 yards before reappearing.  A century ago, a channel was cut across the natural bridge so logs could be floated downstream.  The ditch is narrow, fast, obstructed, and not recommended for the inexperienced paddler.  Fed by rainwater and springs, the Chipola can be very clear and is an easy paddle upstream or down. Alligators bask in the few sunny spots, discouraging river swimming.

Even so, there is a great spring group about a mile upstream of the boat ramp.  Called Bozell, the main spring has a clear shallow run from the east and leads to a lovely spring pool that strongly invites a dip, even a skinny dip when no one is around. Three more springs line the banks just below and above Bozell, and the park is a popular pull-out for overnight and weekend canoers.

The official swimming area is yet another spring called Blue Hole.  The spring forms three pools, one of which has a nice beach and dive platform. The water in the main spring is a deep, milky blue and its 68 degrees are very refreshing on a hot summer day.  The Florida Caverns Golf Course is adjacent to the park and is a separate concession.  Park fees are $3.25 per car, and there are additional, if reasonable, charges for cavern tours, canoe rentals, camping, horseback riding, and golfing.  The cavern tours are very popular, so call ahead if you plan a weekend visit.  Development is increasing around the park, but once inside you can explore the glories of natural Florida in greater variety than just about anywhere.

Personal Impressions
Having done everything but golfing and horseback riding at the park, JF attests that it is one of the best overall recreation sites in north Florida.  Although hemmed in by development, the park has a very undeveloped character and the river is very primitive and pristine.

Nearby Springs

Other Nearby Natural Features
Three Rivers State Park
Falling Water State Park
Torreya State Park
Apalachicola Bluffs and Ravines Preserve

Contact Information:
Florida Caverns State Park
3345 Caverns Road
Marianna, FL 32446
850-482-9598
 
 


Baltzell (or Bosel or Bozell) Springs Group
Jackson County

Summary of Features
Scale—1st magnitude all total, each probably second magnitude
Scenery—outstanding
How Pristine?—completely unspoiled
Swimming—fair to very good, excellent snorkeling
Protection—unknown
Wildlife—abundant
Crowds—some on warm weekends
Access—moderately difficult, only by water
Facilities—none at the springs; very good in the adjoining state park
Safety—watch for alligators if with pets or small children
Scuba—yes
Cost—$3.25 per carload for river access at Fla. Cavern State Park; canoe rental extra

Directions
Accessible via canoe put-in at Florida Caverns State Park. Located in Florida Caverns State Park 2.6 miles north of Marianna. From the center of town on U.S. 90, turn right onto Jefferson Street and proceed to the State Park. Once in the park, follow signs to river put-in. The springs are on the left and right shortly outside the park boundary about a mile upriver.

Canoes are kept at the put-in point on a rack for trips up the Chipola and can be rented at the entrance to the park. From the boat launch, head upstream about a mile to the Bosel (or Bozell) Springs group. Bosel consists of four springs. The authors have numbered them so that the one farthest upstream is Bosel #4. Bosel #2 is the easiest to find and the others can be located in relation to it. The run to Bosel #2 is on the right side of the river, as you canoe upstream. A few minutes before you get there, you will see a couple of park boundary signs up in the trees.

All four springs share a basic description of having very clear blue water (when the Chipola is not high), sudden drop-offs after shallow sandbars or runs, and quantities of small, nibbling minnows. They are about the same size—basins of 20-30 feet in diameter—and depth—10-20 feet. Combined, the springs constitute a sizeable first-magnitude flow; Spring #2 is the largest and is a second-magnitude spring.

For maps, latitude/longitude data, driving directions, satellite imagery, and topographic representations as well as  weather conditions at this spring, go to Greg Johnson's informative "Florida Springs Database" web site at the following address:  http://www.ThisWaytothe.Net/springs/floridasprings.htm#Florida

Spring Descriptions
Bosel #1 is the first spring in the group coming from the put-in at the state park downriver. It lies at the back of a run shaped like the number "7." At a spot where the river veers to the right, the mouth of Bosel #1’s run is straight ahead, to the left (west) of a narrow strip of land/vegetated sandbar jutting out into the river. Follow the run, which is 1-3 feet deep, about 100 feet to the spring. The spring drops away to form an oval basin about 25 feet wide and 40 feet long. There is a east/west trending fissure along the bottom in the center of the pool, about 20 feet long and from 6-12 feet deep. The water in the pool is clear and blue. The bottom is mostly rock and sand and is easily stirred. There are small minnows in the water. In times of high water, this spring can be swampy.

Bosel #2—Perhaps the largest and most attractive of the four springs, #2 has the longest run and is the spring referred to as "Bosel Spring" in Rosenau et al. (1977, p. 179). Look for the clear run entering the Chipola River from the right (east) side. The shallow, transparent run is about 30 feet wide, 1-3 feet deep, and 800 feet long, ending in the main spring. The spring drops off suddenly at the end of the shallow run and forms a semicircular pool 35 feet in diameter. Water flows from a large limestone opening along a fissure about 18 feet long. An opening at about 12 feet leads straight down to a cave. Water also appears to flow from the back of the fissure, forming a prominent slick on the surface. DeLoach reports the cave is small and silty (1997, p. 129). Water in the spring is clear and very blue in the sunlight. The bottom of the spring area is sandy and rocky, with many minnows. The run is covered in aquatic vegetation.

Bosel #3—Located just upstream on the right (about 40 feet) from where Bosel #2's run joins the Chipola, is Bosel #3, surrounded by the less-clear waters of the river. It does not have a run, but opens directly into the river. The circular and cypress-lined basin is about 25 feet across and drops off from a sandbar that is covered in vegetation. Cavern walls are clearly evident. A very large sawed log (3 feet in diameter) is at the downstream edge of the spring underwater and can serve as a perch. The water is an intense clear blue and drops to a crevice about 15 feet down. The crevice is about 15 feet long and is perpendicular to the river.

Bosel #4 is upriver of Bosel #3 about 100 feet and on the opposite (left or west bank). Like #3, Bosel #4 also opens directly into the river. It is framed by a vegetated sandbar and large fallen logs, big enough to stand on and jump into the spring. On dates of visit in 1998-2001, there were two logs crossing the spring pool above the surface, and two below the surface. The spring has a strong vertical flow and boil from at least one limestone opening that appears to be 15-20 feet deep. Water flows out of the vent and over the vegetated sandbar into the adjacent Chipola River

Use/Access

Local Springiana
At the bridge near the boat launch in the state park is a manmade channel above the spot where the river went goes underground. The river emerges about 1/4 of a mile downstream. In the early 1900s, a "ditch" (channel) was built to float logs downstream. The channel looks almost natural now, and if it were not for the signs, you might think the river continued above ground, but in a narrower channel. This disappearing act is like that of other rivers such as the St. Marks, Santa Fe, and Aucilla. Canoes are not allowed in the "ditch"--paddling upstream is the only option.

Personal Impressions

Nearby Springs Other Nearby Natural Features
Three Rivers State Park
Falling Water State Park
Torreya State Park
Apalachicola Bluffs and Ravines Preserve

Contact Information:
Florida Caverns State Park
3345 Caverns Road
Marianna, FL 32446
850-482-9598
 
 

Sandbag Spring
Jackson County

Summary of Features
Scale—2nd magnitude (estimate)
Scenery—very good
How Pristine?—framed into a swimming pool in a back yard
Swimming—private
Protection—surrounded by private property
Crowds—none
Access—private
Scuba—private

Directions
Accessible via canoe put-in at boat ramp along the Chipola River off Jefferson Street about 1.5 miles north of Marianna. From the center of town on U.S. 90, turn right onto Jefferson Street and proceed to the bridge over the river. Put in and paddle downstream 0.4 miles to first house on the right. The house is a wooden one on stilts over the river; look carefully for the spring run on the downstream side. Canoe around the house through the narrow opening—just downstream of the overhanging porch—to the spring.

For maps, latitude/longitude data, driving directions, satellite imagery, and topographic representations as well as weather conditions at this spring, go to Greg Johnson's informative "Florida Springs Database" web site at the following address:  http://www.ThisWaytothe.Net/springs/floridasprings.htm#Florida

Spring Description
Hardened sandbags surround the spring on three sides. Water flows from a limestone opening/fissure that is about 6 feet wide, 18 feet long, and tapering as it goes down to a depth of 12 feet or more.  When first visited in the mid-1990s, the spring had a slide on the adjacent land that dumped directly into the area over the fissure/vent.  This slide was gone on subsequent visits in March 2004. The spring is about the size of a backyard pool—about 12 feet wide and 30 feet long. Except when the Chipola River is high, the spring is clear. Small fish congregate over the vent. The run is about 125 feet long, 8 feet wide, and shallow at normal river levels.  The river was 3-4 feet above normal height when visited in 2004, and the whole spring/pool deck area and some surrounding land were flooded.  The water was yellow-brown on this date, and the limestone fissure was not visible..

Use/Access
The residents appeared to have built their house to discourage access to this spring, and constructed a sort of pool around it. Presumably, the run is a navigable waterway and therefore accessible, but at the same time one feels very much like a trespasser paddling into the middle of someone's "pool."  No one was at home when the authors visited the spring, much to the authors’ relief.

Personal Impressions
As resentful as JF was that the surrounding landowners had made a personal pool out of the spring, in his secret heart of hearts he wishes he had one, too!

Nearby Springs

  • Blue Hole Spring
  • Merritt's Mill Pond Springs (Blue, Shangri-La, Twin Caves, Indian Washtub, Hole-in-the-Rock, Gator)
  • Baltzell (or Bosel or Bozell) Springs group
  • Unamed Grotto/Wastewater Spring
  • Unnamed Alcove Spring
  • Unnamed Chipola Riverbank Springs
  • Dykes Spring
  • Unnamed Spring Cascade
  • Delightful Grotto Spring and Cascade
  • Unnamed Rock Overhang Seep
  • Unnamed 2-Tree/3-Trailer Seep
  • Unnamed Possible Chipola Spring Runs (5)
  • Unnamed Chipola West Bank Seeps
  • Unnamed Limestone Boulders Spring
  • Possible Spring run Near Highway 280 BridgeSpring Lake Springs (Black, Double, Gadsen [or Gadsden], Millpond, Springboard)
  • Unnamed Chipola grotto and cave springs
  • Other Nearby Natural Features
    Three Rivers State Park
    Falling Water State Park
    Torreya State Park
    Marianna Caverns State Park
    Apalachicola Bluffs and Ravines Preserve
     
     


    Unnamed Grotto/Wastewater Spring
    Jackson County










    Summary of Features
    Scale—4th magnitude, est.
    Scenery—Poor
    How Pristine?—Adjacent to industrial area and outflow water pipe, near highway, littered, foul-smelling
    Swimming—No
    Protection—Unknown
    Crowds—None
    Access—Very good, by boat only
    Facilities—None
    Safety—Fair
    Scuba—No
    Cost—Free

    Directions
    Accessible via boat.  From the center of Marianna on U.S. 90, go north on Jefferson Street (State Road 167—the same turn as for Florida Cavern State Park) and proceed about 1.5 miles to the bridge over the Chipola River. Put in and go downstream about two miles.  The spring is 600 feet south of the point where U.S. 90 crosses the Chipola River, on the west side.  Look for a cascade of wastewater about 125 feet west of the river.  GPS coordinates:  N30.46.24; W85.12.958

    For maps, driving directions, satellite imagery, and topographic representations as well as weather conditions at this spring, go to Greg Johnson's informative "Florida Springs Database" web site at the following addresshttp://www.ThisWaytothe.Net/springs/floridasprings.htm#Florida

    Spring Description
    Water flows from a couple of openings at the base of a limestone wall/bluff (about 8 feet high).  The small flows combine to form a tiny creek that runs about 125 feet to the Chipola River.  The water from the spring was clear.  Water from the spring is joined with water from an outflow pipe 40 feet to the south.  This outflow (perhaps 15 gallons per second?) was bright green on dates of visit (March 2004) and smelled like sewage.  Water cascaded from the outflow down the sloping land toward the river.

    Land rises perhaps another 10 feet to the west of the spring and outflow pipe to an active industrial area.  Garbage, broken glass, weeds, and muck surround the spring and outflow pipe.  Note:  on the second visit in late March 2004, there was no flow from the spring at the base of the limestone bluff.  There had been no appreciable rain in the intervening weeks.

    Use/Access

    Personal Impressions
    The whole area around the spring and outflow pipe was smelly, polluted, and unappealing.  JF slipped and fell partially into the outflow water, and felt that he needed to rinse off in the river immediately.

    Nearby Springs

    Other Nearby Natural Features
    Florida Caverns State Park
    Three Rivers State Park
    Falling Water State Park
    Torreya State Park
    Apalachicola Bluffs and Ravines Preserve
     
     


    Unnamed Alcove Spring
    Jackson County









    Summary of Features
    Scale—3th magnitude, est.
    Scenery—Good-very good
    How Pristine?—Near railroad bridge, otherwise natural
    Swimming—No
    Protection—Unknown
    Crowds—None
    Access—Very good, by boat only
    Facilities—None
    Safety—Very good
    Scuba—No
    Cost—Free

    Directions
    Accessible via boat.  From the center of Marianna on U.S. 90, go north on Jefferson Street (State Road 167—the same turn as for Florida Cavern State Park) and proceed about 1.5 miles to the bridge over the Chipola River. Put in and go downstream about 3 miles.  The spring is 300 feet south of the point where the railroad bridge crosses the Chipola River, on the west side.  GPS coordinates:  N30.45.631; W85.13.027.

    For maps, driving directions, satellite imagery, and topographic representations as well as weather conditions at this spring, go to Greg Johnson's informative "Florida Springs Database" web site at the following addresshttp://www.ThisWaytothe.Net/springs/floridasprings.htm#Florida

    Spring Description
    The spring consists of several flowpoint that form a small alcove on the west bank of the Chipola River.  The alcove is semicircular and about 20 feet in diameter.  The main flow is from a limestone opening in the bottom of the alcove on the south side.  The vent is about 1 foot in diameter, four feet deep, created a pool within the alcove, and had a visible boil.  There appears to be a smaller flowpoint 1-2 feet from the main vent and nearer to the bank.  Water flowed from the base on north side of the bank/alcove in 3-4 seeps.  The water from the spring was clear--noticeably clearer than the adjacent river water.

    Use/Access

    Personal Impressions
    An attractive little spring alcove.

    Nearby Springs

    Other Nearby Natural Features
    Florida Caverns State Park
    Three Rivers State Park
    Falling Water State Park
    Torreya State Park
    Apalachicola Bluffs and Ravines Preserve
     
     


    Unnamed Chipola Riverbank Springs
    Jackson County

    Summary of Features
    Scale—All have small flow
    Scenery—Fine
    How Pristine?—Very pristine
    Swimming—No
    Protection—Unknown
    Crowds—None
    Access—Very good, by boat only
    Facilities—None
    Safety—Very good
    Scuba—No
    Cost—Free

    Directions
    Accessible via small boat.  From the center of Marianna on U.S. 90, go north on Jefferson Street (State Road 167—the same turn as for Florida Cavern State Park) and proceed about 1.5 miles to the bridge over the Chipola River.  Put in and go downstream about 3.25-3.5 miles.  Look for flowpoints at the base of limestone banks and boulders at the water's edge at the following coordinates:

    Spring A:  N30.45.583; W85.15.046
    Possible Spring B:  N30.45.583; W85.13.064
    Spring C:  N30.45.583; W.85.13.082
    Possible Spring D: N30.45.285; W85.12.744

    For maps, driving directions, satellite imagery, and topographic representations as well as weather conditions at this spring, go to Greg Johnson's informative "Florida Springs Database" web site at the following address:  http://www.ThisWaytothe.Net/springs/floridasprings.htm#Florida

    Spring Description
    There are several similar small springs on the west bank of the Chipola River in an area stretching from shortly after the Unnamed Alcove Spring to Alamo Cave.  The springs are similar in composition—small flows from openings in or between limestone rocks and boulders at the river's edge and forming the base of the riverbank.  Springflow was seen and confirmed at Springs A & C, and is suspected but not confirmed from flowpoints B and D.  The area has a lot of exposed limestone on the west bank, which rises up to 30 feet above the river.  Flow from these springs is clear, and the flow points are inundated when the river is high. Just below these confirmed and possible springs is Alamo Cavern, which is at the river's edge and which has a series of passages include a main passagway that can be entered at a distance of more than 200 feet to the west.

    Use/Access
    There is no apparent use of any of these small springs, which are all in a pristine condition.

    Nearby Springs

    Other Nearby Natural Features
    Florida Caverns State Park
    Three Rivers State Park
    Falling Water State Park
    Torreya State Park
    Apalachicola Bluffs and Ravines Preserve
     
     


    Dykes Spring
    Jackson County

    Summary of Features
    Scale—2nd magnitude (est)
    Scenery—Excellent
    How Pristine?—Heavy algae growth, otherwise very natural
    Swimming—Fine, excellent snorkeling
    Protection—unknown
    Crowds—Small-none
    Access—Very good, by boat only
    Facilities—None
    Safety—Very good
    Scuba—Unknown
    Cost—Free

    Directions
    Accessible via small boat.  From the center of Marianna on U.S. 90, go north on Jefferson Street (State Road 167—the same turn as for Florida Cavern State Park) and proceed about 1.5 miles to the bridge over the Chipola River. Put in and go downstream about 6 miles.  The mouth of the clear-water spring run is easy to spot on the east side of the river.  Ascend run 75 yards to springhead.  GPS coordinates:  N30.44.764; W85.12.908

    For maps, driving directions, satellite imagery, and topographic representations as well as weather conditions at this spring, go to Greg Johnson's informative "Florida Springs Database" web site at the following address:  http://www.ThisWaytothe.Net/springs/floridasprings.htm#Florida

    Spring Description
    Dykes Spring forms a roughly circular pool that was about 80 feet in diameter on date of visit in March 2004.  Water flows from a large limestone fissure that is about 8 feet wide and 40-50 feet long.  There is a large (6-8 feet in diameter) boil on the surface at the back end of the fissure, which was also wider than the rest of the fissure and rounded.  The depth of the fissure was not measured but appeared to be at least 20 feet.  Several types of fish were observed in the pool, ranging in size from less than an inch to 15 inches long.  Water in the pool was clear and pale/milky blue.  The bottom was mostly sandy except at the edges of the limestone fissure, and there were algae on the bottom and on the submerged trees.  Movement in the spring pool raised clouds of silt.

    There is a backwater swamp/wetland area behind the spring; it flows into the top of the spring basin in times of high water.  The spring creates a serpentine run that is 20-30 feet wide and 75 yards long.  The depth in the run was 5-6 feet on date of visit in early March 2004, but only about 3 feet 3 weeks later (there had been no measureable rain in the interim).  There is heavy algae growth in the spring, in vivid green mats and strings/filaments.  The clear water of the spring and its run present a contrast to the darker water in the river.  Banks rose up from the spring from 3-10 feet in an area of hardwood bottomland forest.  Dried algae on the banks extending 3-5 feet above the spring suggested that the water had recently been much higher.

    Use/Access
    A sign at the spring says camping is not allowed.  There is a rope swing at the pool.  A dirt road looped by the spring from the east.

    Personal Impressions

    Nearby Springs Other Nearby Natural Features
    Florida Caverns State Park
    Three Rivers State Park
    Falling Water State Park
    Torreya State Park
    Apalachicola Bluffs and Ravines Preserve
     
     



    Unnamed Spring Cascade
    Jackson County

    Summary of Features
    Scale—1-2 gallons per second, estimated
    Scenery—Fair
    How Pristine?—Between two dwellings
    Swimming—No
    Protection—Unknown
    Crowds—None
    Access—Only to where spring run enters river--good, by boat only
    Facilities—None
    Safety—Good
    Scuba—No
    Cost—Free

    Directions
    Accessible via small boat.  From the center of Marianna on U.S. 90, go north on Jefferson Street (State Road 167—the same turn as for Florida Cavern State Park) and proceed about 1.5 miles to the bridge over the Chipola River. Put in and go downstream about 6.5 miles.  The spring is on the west bank between two homes--one of which had Confederate battle flag hanging over the river.  Look and listen for a small cascade as the spring run empties into the river.  This spring is only about 100 feet upstream of another spring that cascades into the river from the east side of the river.  GPS coordinates of mouth of spring run on the wast bank of the Chipola River:  N30.44.708; W85.12.903.

    For maps, driving directions, satellite imagery, and topographic representations as well as weather conditions at this spring, go to Greg Johnson's informative "Florida Springs Database" web site at the following address:  http://www.ThisWaytothe.Net/springs/floridasprings.htm#Florida

    Spring Description
    The spring is on private property and was not visited.  It appeared to be at least 100 feet from the river up a bank that was more than 20 feet high.  Water tumbles down this bank between two houses and into the river.  The flow creates a small creek and was perhaps 2 gallons per second.

    Use/Access
    There is no apparent use of the spring.

    Nearby Springs

    Other Nearby Natural Features
    Florida Caverns State Park
    Three Rivers State Park
    Falling Water State Park
    Torreya State Park
    Apalachicola Bluffs and Ravines Preserve
     
     


    Delightful Grotto Spring and Cascade
    Jackson County

    Summary of Features
    Scale—4th magnitude, estimated
    Scenery—Outstanding
    How Pristine?—Very pristine
    Swimming—No
    Protection—Unknown
    Crowds—None
    Access—Good, by canoe/kayak/small boat only, then on foot up the run
    Facilities—None
    Safety—Good
    Scuba—No
    Cost—Free

    Directions
    Accessible via small boat.  From the center of Marianna on U.S. 90, go north on Jefferson Street (State Road 167—the same turn as for Florida Cavern State Park) and proceed about 1.5 miles to the bridge over the Chipola River. Put in and go downstream about 6.5 miles.  The spring is on the east bank, across the river from several homes.  Look and listen for a small cascade as the spring run empties into the river.  Another cue for finding the spring is to look for a modern house (just a few hundred feet upstream on the east bank of the spring) that also has a spring cascade that tumbles down the hillside/bank into the river.  GPS coordinates of mouth of spring run on the east bank of the chipola River:  N30.44.607; W85.12.601.  GPS coordinates of two main flow points:  #1 (main)--N.30.44.640; W85.12.582,  #2--N30.44.640; W85.12.600.

    For maps, driving directions, satellite imagery, and topographic representations as well as weather conditions at this spring, go to Greg Johnson's informative "Florida Springs Database" web site at the following address:  http://www.ThisWaytothe.Net/springs/floridasprings.htm#Florida

    Spring Description
    The primary spring flow is from the base of a limestone bluff set about 200 feet from the river.  Water tumbles very audibly out at the estimated rate of 3-5 gallons per second.  Water can be seen moving toward the flow point through a hole in the limestone bluff a few feet above the primary flow point.  Lesser flows were observed a few feet to the north, and there is a smaller, secondary spring run about 35 feet southwest of the main vent.  The flows combine to form a shallow (2 inches deep and 3-5 feet wide) run that goes over bare limestone, pebbles, and sand down to the river.  The run tumbles/cascades into the river down the bank, (which was two-three feet above the river surface on date of visit in March 2004).  The water was clear and had no odor.

    In the upper part of the creek run, there were several round indentations (about 1” deep and 8” across) in the limestone bottom.  Some of the exposed limestone in the run was a very attractive light green.  Closer inspection reveals the presence of algae on this limestone, but it initially looked more like green rock than rock with algae on it.

    Use/Access
    There is no apparent use of the spring, which is in a pristine condition except for the algae.  JF was startled by a snake that rustled out of his path along the spring run.

    Personal Impressions
    The bluff, spring, run, and cascade altogether are very attractive and appealing.

    Nearby Springs

    Other Nearby Natural Features
    Florida Caverns State Park
    Three Rivers State Park
    Falling Water State Park
    Torreya State Park
    Apalachicola Bluffs and Ravines Preserve
     
     


    Unnamed Rock Overhang Seep
    Jackson County

    Summary of Features
    Scale—1 gallon per minute, estimated
    Scenery—Very good
    How Pristine?—Very pristine
    Swimming—No
    Protection—Unknown
    Crowds—None
    Access—Good, by boat only, then on foot up/over the bank
    Facilities—None
    Safety—Good
    Scuba—No
    Cost—Free

    Directions
    Accessible via small boat.  From the center of Marianna on U.S. 90, go north on Jefferson Street (State Road 167—the same turn as for Florida Cavern State Park) and proceed about 1.5 miles to the bridge over the Chipola River. Put in and go downstream about 6.5 miles.  The spring is on the east bank, just below the two spring runs that cascade/tumble into the river.  Look for a limestone shelf that overhangs the river; the spring is 10 feet behind it.  GPS coordinates: N30.44.503; W85.12.609.

    For maps, driving directions, satellite imagery, and topographic representations as well as weather conditions at this spring, go to Greg Johnson's informative "Florida Springs Database" web site at the following address:  http://www.ThisWaytothe.Net/springs/floridasprings.htm#Florida

    Spring Description
    The spring is set in a small depression (about 8 feet in diameter and 3 feet deep) that lies just behind exposed limestone on the east bank of the Chipola River.  Water trickles of seep from the base of this depression on the east side.  When the flow is sufficient, it travels out of the depression and into the river at the base of an overhanging limeston ledge (the ledge is 4-5 feet across).  Flow was visible in the depression on both dates of visit in March 2004, but it was only observed flowing directly into the river on the early March date, after a period of normal rainfall.  When the weather is drier, the flow seeps back into the ground in the depression.

    Use/Access
    There is no apparent use of the spring, which is in a pristine condition.

    Nearby Springs

    Other Nearby Natural Features
    Florida Caverns State Park
    Three Rivers State Park
    Falling Water State Park
    Torreya State Park
    Apalachicola Bluffs and Ravines Preserve
     
     


    Unnamed 2-Tree/3-Trailer Seep
    Jackson County

    Summary of Features
    Scale—<1 gallon per minute, estimated
    Scenery—Very good
    How Pristine?—Very pristine
    Swimming—No
    Protection—Unknown
    Crowds—None
    Access—Good, by boat only
    Facilities—None
    Safety—Good
    Scuba—No
    Cost—Free

    Directions
    Accessible via small boat.  From the center of Marianna on U.S. 90, go north on Jefferson Street (State Road 167—the same turn as for Florida Cavern State Park) and proceed about 1.5 miles to the bridge over the Chipola River. Put in and go downstream about 6.75 miles.  The spring is on the east bank, a little below the two spring runs that cascade/tumble into the river.  The spring is at the base/roots of two large trees and directly across from the middle of three mobile home that are on the opposite (west) bank.  GPS coordinates: N30.44.503; W85.12.701.

    For maps, driving directions, satellite imagery, and topographic representations as well as weather conditions at this spring, go to Greg Johnson's informative "Florida Springs Database" web site at the following address:  http://www.ThisWaytothe.Net/springs/floridasprings.htm#Florida

    Spring Description
    The seep is at the edge of the river below two large trees.  On date of visit, water trickled out of the bank at the river's edge over a small patch (about 1 foot in diameter) of whitish limestone and directly into the river.

    Use/Access
    There is no apparent use of the spring, which is in a pristine condition.

    Nearby Springs

    Other Nearby Natural Features
    Florida Caverns State Park
    Three Rivers State Park
    Falling Water State Park
    Torreya State Park
    Apalachicola Bluffs and Ravines Preserve
     
     


    Unnamed Possible Chipola Spring Runs (5)
    Jackson County

    Summary of Features
    Scale—Dry to 3rd magnitude, est.
    Scenery—Very good to excellent
    How Pristine?—Mostly undisturbed, near developed land
    Swimming—No
    Protection—Unknown
    Crowds—None
    Access—Very good, by boat only
    Facilities—None
    Safety—Very good
    Scuba—No
    Cost—Free

    Directions
    Accessible via small boat.  From the center of Marianna on U.S. 90, go north on Jefferson Street (State Road 167—the same turn as for Florida Cavern State Park) and proceed about 1.5 miles to the bridge over the Chipola River.  Put in and go downstream about 7 miles.  Look for openings in the west bank of the Chipola River over the course of about 1/2 mile at the following GPS coordinates:

    #1--N30.44.427; W85.12.778
    #2--N30.44.353; W85.12.822
    #3--N30.44.353; W85.12.840
    #4--N30.44.383; W85.12.822
    #5--N30.44.383; W85.12.804

    For maps, driving directions, satellite imagery, and topographic representations as well as weather conditions at this spring, go to Greg Johnson's informative "Florida Springs Database" web site at the following address:  http://www.ThisWaytothe.Net/springs/floridasprings.htm#Florida

    Spring Description
    The authors passed and/or partially explored several sites where water was flowing into the river from creeks on the west side.  None had a large flow, but all were flowing in early March 2004.  When revisited in late March 2004, one run was dry and two others only had a tricke of flow.  Some were explored up to 400 feet, but no spring vents were seen and so the authors do not know the source of the flows.  It appears that the flow regulary dry up before reaching the river or perhaps do not flow at all at some times, so the flow may or may not be from springs.  Some details follow.

    #1  A small opening in the west bank--perhaps 18" wide--with only a trickle of water.  This run wound westward from the river and was not explored.  There is a large cypress stump at the opening in the riverbank, and there was a sandbar jutting about 10 feet into the river.

    #2  Another small opening in the west bank, which was dry on date of visit in late March 2004.

    #3  This run/creek enters the Chipola from the west side, carving an opening in the 6-foot bank.  At its mouth, the run was 2-3 feet wide and a couple of inches deep and was clear and odorless in early March 2004.  The flow was reduced to a trickle 3 weeks later.  The authors walked up the run a distance of about 100 feet to where the run exited from a thicket, and decided not to follow it any further.

    #4  This run/creek also enters the Chipola from the west side, creating a run that is about 2 feet side and 3 inches deep.  The run widens near the river, and was about 4 feet wide and 1 foot deep at its mouth in early March 2004, and about half those dimensions 3 weeks later.  JF walked up/alongside the run for a distance of about 400 feet, to a point where it passes beneath an old, small, collapsed railroad trestle.  Just above the trestle is a small beaver dam, and the run continued on up out of sight.  Water was somewhat backed up by the lodge, and the run widened and deepened due to the backup caused by the dam.  The flow point was not found.  The land adjacent to/downriver from this run to the south was cleared for several acres and had a picnic shelter/house/cook shack on it with a no trespass sign.

    #5  This run/creek mouth was a few minutes’ paddle below #4 and also on the west bank.  The mouth of the run was about 10 feet wide, and the run was wide and deep enough to ascend it in a canoe for a distance of about 300 feet in early March 2004, and only about half that far 3 weeks later.  As with run #4, the authors could not go beyond a railroad trestle or determine how far back the spring originated.  This site had no sign of development other than the decaying railroad line.  This creek/run was not photographed.

    Use/Access
    There is no apparent use of any of these creeks/runs.  The old railroad line is in a very decayed and decrepit condition—the ties and trestle were completely collapsed, leaving only the rails spanning the gap (about 10 feet) over run #4.  Nearby, the authors saw a well-fed alligator basking on the east bank.  The ‘gator was about 5 feet long, and allowed the authors’ to approach to within about 50 feet before retreating into the river.

    Nearby Springs

    Other Nearby Natural Features
    Florida Caverns State Park
    Three Rivers State Park
    Falling Water State Park
    Torreya State Park
    Apalachicola Bluffs and Ravines Preserve
     
     


    Unnamed Chipola West Bank Seeps (2)
    Jackson County

    Summary of Features
    Scale—1 gallon per minute, est.
    Scenery—Very good
    How Pristine?—Undisturbed
    Swimming—No
    Protection—Unknown
    Crowds—None
    Access—Very good, by boat only
    Facilities—None
    Safety—Very good
    Scuba—No
    Cost—Free

    Directions
    Accessible via small boat.  From the center of Marianna on U.S. 90, go north on Jefferson Street (State Road 167—the same turn as for Florida Cavern State Park) and proceed about 1.5 miles to the bridge over the Chipola River.  Put in and go downstream 7.5-8 miles.  Look for erosions in the west bank of the Chipola River at the following GPS coordinates:

    #1--N30.43.930; W85.12.716
    #2--N30.44.923; W85.12.669

    For maps, driving directions, satellite imagery, and topographic representations as well as weather conditions at this spring, go to Greg Johnson's informative "Florida Springs Database" web site at the following address:  http://www.ThisWaytothe.Net/springs/floridasprings.htm#Florida

    Spring Description
    The two seeps are similar in size, flow, and appearance.  Each flows from the base of an eroded slice in the west bank of the Chipola River.  The banks at these two points were 5-8 feet high on dates of visit in March 2004.  Each is a seep or perhaps the beginning of a steephead and is eroding through sand and clay.  Further descriptions follow.

    #1  The smaller of the two eroded areas, the bank at this seep was about 5 feet high.  The eroded area was widest at the edge of the river, and narrowed as it went back perhaps 6 feet.  Water tricked from the base of the erosion and into the river.  A lot of gray clay was at the surface on the south side of the steep/eroded area.  The area behind this flowpoint was forested.

    #5  The larger of the two seeps/steeps/eroded areas, this one flowed from the base of an alcove/grotto on the west bank of the river.  The grotto is about 8 feet high, and appeared to be of more recent origin than other springs, or to have recently been enlarged due to erosion/collapse of the dirt above it.  Water flowed about 10 feet from the base of the grotto to the river.  Land was partially cleared behind this spring.

    Use/Access
    No apparent use.

    Nearby Springs

    Other Nearby Natural Features
    Florida Caverns State Park
    Three Rivers State Park
    Falling Water State Park
    Torreya State Park
    Apalachicola Bluffs and Ravines Preserve
     
     


    Unnamed Limestone Boulders Spring
    Jackson County

    Summary of Features
    Scale—3rd or 4th magnitude, est.
    Scenery—Fine
    How Pristine?—Undisturbed, just below farm fields, near Interstate 10
    Swimming—No
    Protection—unknown
    Crowds—None
    Access—Very good, by boat only
    Facilities—None
    Safety—Very good
    Scuba—No
    Cost—Free

    Directions
    Accessible via boat.  From Intersection of Interstate 10 and State Road 71, go south about ½ mile and turn right/west onto State Road 280 (look for sign for boat launch).  Drive about 1 mile to boat launch on SW side of the road/bridge.  Put in and go upstream about 0.3 miles.  The spring enters the river on the east side, adjacent to several large flat boulders in the river near the mouth of the short spring run.  GPS coordinates:  N30.43.287; W85.11.904

    For maps, latitude/longitude data, driving directions, satellite imagery, and topographic representations as well as weather conditions at this spring, go to Greg Johnson's informative "Florida Springs Database" web site at the following address:  http://www.ThisWaytothe.Net/springs/floridasprings.htm#Florida

    Spring Description
    The spring flows from various points, depending on levels of rain and the Chipola River.  The primary flow point is from the bottom of a depression/collapse located about 60 feet east of the river.  This pit, which is criss-crossed with tree roots, has the approximate dimensions of 12 feet across and 6 feet deep (the water in the hole/pit is 1-2 feet deep).  Water flows from the bottom through several small opening or sand boils.  The water is clear and odorless, and there were minnows in the depression/pit.  Water from these opening flows/seeps back under ground and reappears or flows outward again at other openings 15-35 feet away/to the west.  In early March 2004, water was visible flowing either (i.e., springflow) or downward (i.e., beneath the surface) at three other points, including two smaller holes depresions.  In early March, this second flow point was 20 feet away in a much smaller pit (just a few feet across and about two feet deep).  This flow did not escape the small depression, but was recaptured and flowed underground again and reappeared at 2-3 other small flow points about 15 feet away.  The 3rd set of vents create slight flows and raised sand boils and form a short run (15 feet long, 5 feet wide, and about 8 inches deep--) that opens directly into the Chipola River.  The spring water is clear and odorless.  When visited again under somewhat drier conditions, the secondary flowpoints were dry, and all the water from the main depression appeared to be flowing from one spot about 35 feet to the west and 20 feet from the river.  This flow was from a limestone opening under a rock and created a small creek that flowed into the river amid a series of boulders that line the eastern bank.

    Use/Access
    There is no apparent use of this spring, which is very near I-10 and has a small line of trees separating it from upland farm fields.

    Personal Impressions
    A beautiful little spring complex, this site is well worth a visit and the short upriver paddle against the moderately strong current of the Chipola River.  JF and RB nearly lost their canoe at this spot.  They did not tie the canoe, and just happened to look back to see it starting to float downriver.  JF had to race through the tangle of brush to a small rocky promontory 50 feet downriver and leap into the water after it!

    Nearby Springs

    Other Nearby Natural Features
    Florida Caverns State Park
    Three Rivers State Park
    Falling Water State Park
    Torreya State Park
    Apalachicola Bluffs and Ravines Preserve
     
     

    Possible Spring Run Near Highway 280 Bridge
    Jackson County

    Summary of Features
    Scale—3rd or 4th magnitude, est.
    Scenery—Fine
    How Pristine?—Undisturbed, just below farm fields, near Interstate 10 and Highway 280
    Swimming—No
    Protection—unknown
    Crowds—None
    Access—Very good, by boat only
    Facilities—None
    Safety—Good
    Scuba—No
    Cost—Free

    Directions
    Accessible via boat.  From Intersection of Interstate 10 and State Road 71, go south about ½ mile and turn right/west onto State Road 280 (look for sign for boat launch).  Drive about 1 mile to boat launch on SW side of the road/bridge.  Put in and go upstream about 300 feet and look for the mouth of the run on the east side.  GPS coordinates:  N30.43.301; W85.11.897

    For maps, latitude/longitude data, driving directions, satellite imagery, and topographic representations as well as weather conditions at this spring, go to Greg Johnson's informative "Florida Springs Database" web site at the following address:  http://www.ThisWaytothe.Net/springs/floridasprings.htm#Florida

    Description
    This spring run or creek empties into the Chipola River from the east side.  JF walked up the run a distance of approximately 500 feet but did not reach a springhead.  The creek/run is 2-3 feet wide and 1-2" deep and flows through a floodplain area.  The water was noticeably warmer than the Chipola River on date of visit in March 2004. (Note:  the temperature of water from springs near this location on the same date was cooler than the river water, but the head of this spring may be some distance from river if it is from a spring at all.)  Minnow were observed in the creek/run.

    Use/Access
    There is no apparent use of this creek/run, which flows through a low and muddy area..

    Personal Impressions
    Run may or may not be from a spring, and JF could not determine how far back the run went.

    Nearby Springs

    Other Nearby Natural Features
    Florida Caverns State Park
    Three Rivers State Park
    Falling Water State Park
    Torreya State Park
    Apalachicola Bluffs and Ravines Preserve
     
     


    Chipola Tributary Springs

    Tanner Springs
    Jackson County

    Summary of Features
    Scale—3rd magnitude, estimated
    Scenery—fine
    How Pristine?—surrounded by farmland, runoff into springhead, algae around some flowpoints, otherwise pristine
    Swimming—no
    Protection—unknown
    Crowds—none
    Access—on private land
    Facilities—none

    Directions
    From U.S. 90 in Marianna, go north on State Road 73 for approximately 4.7 miles.  If coming from the north, proceed 1.4 miles south from Union Road.  Turn east onto dirt/farm road.  Follow around 90-degree turn to the left/north (field will be on right and look for tall pecan trees lining road along a 90-degree turn to the right.  The spring is below, on the right, along this second sweeping turn.

    For maps, latitude/longitude data, driving directions, satellite imagery, and topographic representations as well as  weather conditions at this spring, go to Greg Johnson's informative "Florida Springs Database" web site at the following address:  http://www.ThisWaytothe.Net/springs/floridasprings.htm#Florida

    Spring Description
    Tanner is a series of flow points consisting of at least 4 areas, corresponding to the rough map.  The entire spring area is probably 1-2 acres in size with numerous flowpoints and seeps from beneath trees, directly through limestone openings/rocks, and within the spring run.  The runs are mostly sandy/muddy near the springs, and grassy and overgrown once they converge downstream.  The water in all the springs is clear and odorless.

    Spring Area #1 appears to have the greatest volume of flow; water exits through several opening in large limestone boulders set into the base of a bank 25 feet below the road.  The flow is audible as it exits out of and over the rocks.  Water forms a shallow pool area and creek in an area of exposed limestone, cypress, birch, and sweetgum trees.  When visited in spring 2003, the bank above this spring was lush with lilies.

    Spring Area #2 is about 150 feet to the NNE.  Water flows from the base of a 15' bank in a swampy/muddy area, going south, and joining the flow from Spring Area #1.  Runoff enters the springhead area from the road above and the weedy/scrubby land beyond the road.

    Spring Area #3 is approximately 200-250 feet to the east of Area #2.  Water flows from limestone openings at the base of/under the roots of a large hardwood tree growing along the 15' bank.  It probably has the second greatest flow after Spring Area #1 and flows south about 150 feet where it is joined by the smaller fun from Spring Area #4.

    Spring Area #4, unlike the other springs, consists of seeps, boils, and small flows that are in the bottomland area and not from the base of the bank/bluff.  This spring area clearly has a different springshed, as its flow areas are heavily covered in algae and there is much more plant growth in its pool and short run.  This suggestst has higher levels of nitrate, phosphorus, and/or other organic or inorganic elements.

    The combined runs of Areas 1-2 join those of 3-4 at some point where below 3-4 meet, and the spring run appears to head SE.  It forms the head of the south fork of Baker Creek, which subsequently flows into the Chipola River.

    Use/Access
    There appears to be no utilization of the springs.  The land above the springs is cultivated.  Blue and red blazes mark many of the trees around the spring area, suggesting it is a boundary between two landowners.  The runoff directly into the spring area,  the algae blooms around Spring Area #4, and the cultivation of land immediately adjacent to the springs are concerns.

    Personal Impressions
    Tanner is a beautiful spring group, and Spring Area #1 is exceptional in its setting of huge boulders.

    Nearby Springs

    Other Nearby Natural Features
    Florida Caverns State Park
    Torreya State Park
    Falling Waters State Recreation Area
    Apalachicola National Forest
    Apalachicola Bluffs and Ravines Preserve
     
     

    Webbville Springs
    Jackson County

    Summary of Features
    Scale—3rd magnitude, est.
    Scenery—fine
    How Pristine?—adjacent to tree farm, ditch/runoff into springhead, otherwise very pristine
    Swimming—no
    Protection—unknown
    Crowds—none
    Access—on private land
    Facilities—none
    Safety—unknown

    Directions
    From U.S. 90 in Marianna, go north on State Highway 73 for approximately 6.1 miles.  Turn right onto dirt/clay road.  Continue approximately 300 feet until road makes 90-degree turn to left.  Look for dirt/grass road on right across fence at edge of pine tree farm.  Walk on dirt road about 0.3 mile to springheads A-C on right adjacent to the road.  Flow area A is at coordinates 30.50.358N/85.20.080W, and flow area E is in the woods/swampy area at 30.50.361N/85.20.050W.

    For maps, latitude/longitude data, driving directions, satellite imagery, and topographic representations as well as  weather conditions at this spring, go to Greg Johnson's informative "Florida Springs Database" web site at the following address:  http://www.ThisWaytothe.Net/springs/floridasprings.htm#Florida

    Spring Description
    The main spring flows are at the base of a 10-12 foot bank below the dirt road.  Water issues from several points in five primary areas corresponding to the rough map.  The three main flows (A-C) are within 150 feet of each other.  Each is a series of seeps or small flows of clear and odorless water.  The three primary flows join within 150 feet and form a creek that is approximately 3-6 inches deep and 4-6 feet wide.  The bottom of the creek is sandy, and the spring run flows through an area of dense floodplain forest.  A small amount of algae was growing in spots, and minnows, frogs, and snails were seen in the run.  There are ferns along the banks, and deer tracks and other animal signs were visible.  The run is joined by the combined output of at least two additional flows (D and E) from the NE.  These two flow points are smaller and in an area that is at the edge of forest and swamp to the east of flowpoints A-C.  The total combined flow is estimated to be third magnitude.  The run forms the north fork of Baker Creek, which subsequently flows into the Chipola River.  There may be additional flows that the authors did not locate.  A ditch empties into springhead B, and there was some trash around the springs--bottles, cans, bits of fencing and metal.

    Use/Access
    No public access.  The dirt/grass road is fenced off.

    Nearby Springs

    Other Nearby Natural Features
    Florida Caverns State Park
    Torreya State Park
    Falling Waters State Recreation Area
    Apalachicola National Forest
    Apalachicola Bluffs and Ravines Preserve
     
     

    Merritt's Mill Pond Springs Group

    Jackson (or Marianna) Blue Spring
    Jackson County

    Summary of Features
    Scale—1st magnitude
    Scenery—very good to fine
    How Pristine?—bordered and developed into swimming/recreation area, heavy concentrations of nitrate in water
    Swimming—outstanding
    Protection—very good
    Wildlife—fair to good, populations declining/disappearing
    Crowds—crowded on warm weekends
    Access—excellent, but only Memorial Day to Labor Day
    Facilities—fine
    Safety—excellent
    Scuba—yes, with special permission and for an additional fee
    Cost—$1.50 for entrance and swimming, more to rent canoes

    Directions
    From Highway 90 in Marianna, go north on State Road 71. A Wal-Mart is on the corner at right. (Note that the southern part of 71 that leads to I-10 is down the road to the west.) After about a mile, past the farm equipment building, Blue Spring Road forks off to the right. Go about 3 miles and you will see the sign to Blue Spring Park on the right.

    For maps, latitude/longitude data, driving directions, satellite imagery, and topographic representations as well as  weather conditions at this spring, go to Greg Johnson's informative "Florida Springs Database" web site at the following address:  http://www.ThisWaytothe.Net/springs/floridasprings.htm#Florida

    Spring Description
    The circular spring basin lies in a depression and is approximately 250 feet in diameter.  Water issues from a large (8 feet high by 30 feet wide) and accessible cave opening.  There is an underwater cavern at the spring that extends several thousand feet.  The water forms the 4.4-mile-long Merritt's Mill Pond and is dotted by several springs (see below).  The southern end of the pond is dammed up at U.S. 90 and can be seen while driving through Marianna. A fence divides the spring area from the pond and prevents boat access into the spring basin.  The water is very clear and deep blue over the cave entrance, which is directly beneath the dive platform and diving board about 15 feet deep.  Much of the bottom in the spring pool is sandy, but there are also areas of elodea/hydrilla intrusion in the center of the pool and near the fence that separates the pool from the "Pond."  Swimming and diving in the spring can cloud the water.

    The beach area above the spring is sandy, but does not extend down to the water and has a wooden barrier (railroad ties) to help keep sand from eroding into the spring basin.

    Land in the spring's watershed, which extends into Alabama, is about 50/50 agriculture and forest.  Water tests indicate that Jackson Blue Spring has the second highest concentration of nitrates in its water of any first magnitude spring in Florida--3 mg/liter.  Tests indicate that half the nitrate is absorbed or sinks to the bottom in the 4-mile pond.  In addition, the spring areas has the most strongly inorganic isotype ration of any measured spring.  On more recent visits, (2000-2003), the water more more geenish than blue, and there were higher concentrations of algae on the bottom.  It is estimated that water flowing out of the main vent has flowed underground for approximately 17 years, meaning that efforts to reduce nitrate intrusions in the springshead will not have any impact for 17 years.

    The spring is one of the few sites that is home to the Georgia blind salamander; Shangri-La Spring (100 yards downstream is another.

    Use/Access

    Local Springiana Personal Impressions
    As noted in the essay, this spring is JF’s favorite place for swimming in the Florida Big Bend.  The spring is heavily and increasingly polluted, however, and measures to reduce the proliferation of exotic plants have had deadly side effects on native fauna.  To save the spring from further degredation and the possibility that it would eventually have to be closed to swimming and fishing, the state and county must work together to promote the adoption of best management practices by nearby farms and a golf course, and clean-up efforts in sinkholes that feed the spring.  The local community is beginning to take notice that its longtime swimming hole is in trouble and to take efforts to protect it.

    Nearby Springs

    Other Nearby Natural Features
    Three Rivers State Park
    Falling Water State Park
    Torreya State Park
    Florida Caverns State Park
    Apalachicola Bluffs and Ravines Preserve

    An Essay on Marianna Blue Spring
    Note:  this essay was written when the spring still had its dive tower.

    Where is the best place to swim in the  Big Bend?  Grayton?  Destin?  Wakulla Springs?  St. Andrews?  St. George?  Nope.  For me, none of these places compares to Blue Springs Park in Marianna.  Located an hour north of Panama City and 75 minutes west of Tallahassee, Marianna Blue Springs has it all, plus non-stop country music as an added bonus.

    The springs have been a swimmin' hole for generations of Jackson Countians.  Originally, the spring flows formed a narrow run that joined the Chipola River just below where U.S. 90 now runs through Marianna.  Years ago, the run was dammed, creating Merritt’s Mill Pond which is 4.4 miles long and about 200 yards across.  The pond is popular with anglers, and there are fish camps and a campground on the west bank.

    But it is the swimming that places the spring a cut above. A large circular pool 150 feet across lies in a natural depression and forms the headwaters.  A rock and sandbag retaining wall frames the pool and prevents erosion.  The water averages a few feet deep and is absolutely transparent. Its source is a first-magnitude spring that flows powerfully from a large-mouth cave directly under the diving platform.  Water over the cave is a very deep and enticing blue.

    Scuba is not allowed without special permission, but determined snorkelers can explore the cave entrance and glimpse a cold, dark, underwater world.  Getting into the cave takes a bit of effort.  One must fight the strong outflow from the cave, be able to hold a breath for a minute or so, and time the dive so as not to be squashed by cannonballers from the platform above.  A minivan could easily drive into the cave entrance, which is populated by large fish that scurry into the cave recesses when approached.

    Watching from the platform, I marveled at a boy who spent three minutes in the cave.  Coming up, he explained there was an air pocket stocked by skin-divers with air-filled milk jugs.  Sticking one's head into the bucket-sized pocket of stale air is much more unnerving than the cave itself. Light and sound are distorted in the small space, and you get less air with each breath.

    The swim area has free tubes, large and small slides, and a floating island in the middle.  As is typical for a north Florida spring, the water temperature is about 68 degrees, and many who swim out to the floating island are loath to return to the water after warming up.

    A concession stand offers snacks and ping-pong balls to use on two nearby crumbling tables.  There is a volleyball area, and picnic tables and grills provide platforms for fun, food, and generally hanging out all day long. The structures on the site have been there at least 30 years, and the whole place has a very old-timey feel about it.  The park is ideal for kids of all ages, from toddlers who splash in the shallows to elementary schoolers searching for crawdads and daring each other to jump from the platform to teens scoping each other out and trying to make the biggest splash.

    A fence keeps boats out of the swim area, and if you have a canoe you can explore the pond.  Four other springs lie within a five-minute paddle of the main spring.  The nearest is the best.  Aptly named Shangri-La, it is a strikingly beautiful spring that issues from a shallow crevice at the base of a 30-foot limestone bluff.  The peaceful translucent flow soothes every sense, and a trail to the bluff above offers a panoramic view.

    A little further down are Indian Washtub and Twin Cave springs. The latter lies among a scenic watery grove of cypress. The park costs just $1.50 per person, but it is only open from Memorial Day to Labor Day.  Our summer is not complete without a visit every year; unwinding at this simple and lovely spring has become an annual family pilgrimage.
     
     


    Shangri-La Springs (2)
    Jackson County

    Summary of Features
    Scale—3rd magnitude (estimated)
    Scenery—excellent
    How Pristine?—remnants of old dock and building materials near orifice
    Swimming—good
    Protection—unknown
    Wildlife—fair to good
    Crowds—small
    Access—good (boat only)
    Facilities—fine at Blue Springs 200 yards away
    Safety—good
    Scuba—yes
    Cost—$1.50 per person

    Quick Directions
    From Highway 90 in Marianna, go north on State Road 71. A Wal-Mart is on the corner. (Note that the southern part of 71 that leads to I-10 is down the road to the west.) After about a mile, right past the green John Deere sign, Blue Spring Road forks off to the right. Go about 3 miles and you will see the sign to Blue Spring County Park. There is a put-in spot at Blue Springs to go downriver to Shangri-La.  The spring may also be reached by paddling approximately 2 miles upstream from the public boat ramp at Hunter Fish Camp Road. (From U.S. 90 in Marianna, turn north on 71 at the Wal-Mart and go to Blue Springs Road. Turn right at the big John Deer sign onto Blue Springs Rd. and go 1.6 miles to Hunter Fish Camp Road. Turn right and go 2/3 mile down this house-lined road to the boat ramp on the left, downhill from the road.)

    Detailed Directions
    To reach Shangri-La Spring from Blue, canoe downstream from the put-in at Blue Spring and stay on the right about 200 yards and you will see a lone cypress near the right shore. Look right for a lot of metal posts sticking out of the water, the remains of a dock. A fern-covered rock, about the size of a car, sits ten feet offshore. A smaller boulder is just downstream.  Onshore is a limestone bluff with a small overhang near the shore. The little overhang, about two feet high, is used for camping and can be messy. To the right of the overhang, in the water and under the bluff, is the main spring. If you approach the main spring from the right side of the large boulder, you should pass over the second spring, which is in the pond about 45 feet from the limestone bluff and the main spring.

    For maps, latitude/longitude data, driving directions, satellite imagery, and topographic representations as well as  weather conditions at this spring, go to Greg Johnson's informative "Florida Springs Database" web site at the following address:  http://www.ThisWaytothe.Net/springs/floridasprings.htm#Florida

    Spring Description
    The main spring is a beautiful little cave—only five feet deep—at the base of the limestone bluff, and just large enough to squeeze into. The water is exceptionally clear and there is a steady and gentle flow from the vent. Due to its shallowness, the water is paler blue than at Blue Spring upriver. DeLoach reports the small opening widens to a cavern of 15x20 feet with depths of 25 feet to a silty bottom (1997, p. 128). Another diver told JF that the cave extends about 200 feet but is quite narrow.  Metal poles—the remnants of an old dock—lead from the land to the large boulder in the water and over near the main spring at the base of the bluff.  There are also pieces of concrete block in the water.

    The second spring nearby is a 35-foot long fissure that emanates water from about 20 down.  During times of heavy hydrilla and algae infestation, the second spring is very silty and can be hard to spot.  Fish linger at the bottom of both springs.  When clear, the fissure is easy to spot and points toward the boulder next to the main Shangri-La Spring.  The bottom near the bluff is littered with large rocks and old building materials to stand on.

    Use/Access

    Personal Impressions
    Shangri-La is the prettiest little spring you will ever see, and its water is perfectly clear. Just looking at it produces a calming effect on the observer.

    Nearby Springs

    Other Nearby Natural Features
    Three Rivers State Park
    Falling Water State Park
    Torreya State Park
    Florida Caverns State Park
    Apalachicola Bluffs and Ravines Preserve
     
     



    Indian Washtub Spring
    Jackson County

    Summary of Features
    Scale—2nd magnitude (estimated)
    Scenery—very good
    How Pristine?—very; an old dock nearby
    Swimming—poor
    Protection—unknown
    Wildlife—good
    Crowds—none
    Access—easy, boat only
    Facilities—none at spring; excellent at nearby Marianna Blue Springs
    Safety—good
    Scuba—yes
    Cost—$1.50 per person

    Directions
    From Highway 90 in Marianna, go north on State Road 71. A Wal-Mart is on the corner. (Note that the southern part of 71 that leads to I-10 is down the road to the west.) After about a mile, right past the green John Deere sign, Blue Spring Road forks off to the right. Go about 3 miles and you will see the sign to Blue Spring County Park. There is a put-in spot at Blue Springs to go downriver to Indian Washtub. The spring is 200 yards downstream from, and on the same side of the pond as, Shangri-La. The spring is about 35 feet before a rickety dock that extends from some old concrete steps that lead up the hill.  The spring may also be reached by paddling approximately 2 miles upstream from the public boat ramp at Hunter Fish Camp Road. (From U.S. 90 in Marianna, turn north on 71 at the Wal-Mart and go to Blue Springs Road. Turn right at the big John Deer sign onto Blue Springs Rd. and go 1.6 miles to Hunter Fish Camp Road. Turn right and go 2/3 mile down this house-lined road to the boat ramp on the left, downhill from the road.)

    For maps, latitude/longitude data, driving directions, satellite imagery, and topographic representations as well as  weather conditions at this spring, go to Greg Johnson's informative "Florida Springs Database" web site at the following address:  http://www.ThisWaytothe.Net/springs/floridasprings.htm#Florida

    Spring Description
    The site is not a spring but rather what is termed a ponor--basically a sinkhole that occurs in an area that is already under water. A large crevice is clearly visible about 20 feet offshore beneath a large limestone ledge at a depth of about 20 feet. The basin is attractive.  A log lies across one end of the gash in the rock. The nearby shore canopy blocks light and reduces visibility, giving the site a slight hazy appearance.  A diver explained to JF that the boulders at this site had collapsed into the vent, blocking most of the flow (in either direction) and preventing cave diving.

    Use/Access

    Personal Impressions
    Most boaters go right past the spring and never see it.

    Nearby Springs

    Other Nearby Natural Features
    Three Rivers State Park
    Falling Water State Park
    Torreya State Park
    Florida Caverns State Park
    Apalachicola Bluffs and Ravines Preserve
     
     




    Twin Caves Spring
    Jackson County

    Summary of Features
    Scale—3rd magnitude (estimated)
    Scenery—very good
    How Pristine?—very unspoiled
    Swimming—fair
    Protection—good
    Wildlife—good
    Crowds—none
    Access—easy, boat only
    Facilities—none at spring; excellent at nearby Marianna Blue Springs
    Safety—good
    Scuba—yes
    Cost—$1.50 per person

    Directions
    From Highway 90 in Marianna, go north on State Road 71. A Wal-Mart is on the corner. (Note that the southern part of SR71 that leads to I-10 is down the road to the west.) After about a mile, right past the green John Deere sign, Blue Spring Road forks off to the right. Go about 3 miles and you will see the sign to Blue Spring County Park. There is a put-in spot at Blue Springs to go downriver to Twin Caves. The spring is perpendicular from Indian Washtub. Paddling directly across the pond from Indian Washtub about 2/3 across and in an area of large cypresses, one should find the spring.  The spring may also be reached by paddling approximately 1.75 miles upstream from the public boat ramp at Hunter Fish Camp Road. (From U.S. 90 in Marianna, turn north on 71 at the Wal-Mart and go to Blue Springs Road. Turn right at the big John Deer sign onto Blue Springs Rd. and go 1.6 miles to Hunter Fish Camp Road. Turn right and go 2/3 mile down this house-lined road to the boat ramp on the left, downhill from the road.)

    For maps, latitude/longitude data, driving directions, satellite imagery, and topographic representations as well as  weather conditions at this spring, go to Greg Johnson's informative "Florida Springs Database" web site at the following address:  http://www.ThisWaytothe.Net/springs/floridasprings.htm#Florida

    Spring Description
    Twin Caves is a circular spring in Merritt’s Mill Pond. It is a large (about 25 feet) opening in the limestone bottom and is beneath the ledge at a depth of about 16 feet. A large log lies across the openings. Water flows from two holes below the log, and the bottom is very silty.  No flow is evident at the surface.  DeLoach describes that the two openings, which are 20 feet apart, "connect with a room at 30 feet" (1997, p. 128).  A diver told JF that the passages at Twin Caves, which he called "Twin Spring," have been explored to a distance of nearly a mile.

    Use/Access

    Personal Impressions
    Only worth a skin-dive when the exotic vegetation is cleared away. Otherwise, this spring is a bit creepy and surrounded by exotics.

    Nearby Springs

    Other Nearby Natural Features
    Three Rivers Sate Park
    Falling Water State Park
    Torreya State Park
    Florida Caverns State Park
    Apalachicola Bluffs and Ravines Preserve
     
     




    Hole-in-the-Rock Spring
    Jackson County

    Summary of Features
    Scale—uknown
    Scenery—excellent
    How Pristine?—completely pristine
    Swimming—no
    Protection—unknown
    Crowds—small-none
    Access—very good, boat only
    Facilities—dive platform nearby
    Safety—good
    Scuba—yes, lights needed
    Cost—free

    Directions
    From U.S. 90 in Marianna, turn north on 71 at the Wal-Mart and go to Blue Springs Road. Turn right at the big John Deer sign onto Blue Springs Rd. and go 1.6 miles to Hunter Fish Camp Road. Turn right and go 2/3 mile down this house-lined road to the boat ramp on the left, downhill from the road. Put in at boat ramp and paddle through cypress trees directly into and then upstream in the millpond for about a mile.  Look to the right/east for two small poles holding wire mesh sticking out of the water, and toward the shore for the small dive platform.  There is a reflector on the tree above the dive platform.  The spring is about 10 feet from the shore to the left of the dive platform.

    The spring may also be reached by paddling approximately 0.75 miles upstream from the public boat ramp at Hunter Fish Camp Road. (From U.S. 90 in Marianna, turn north on 71 at the Wal-Mart and go to Blue Springs Road. Turn right at the big John Deer sign onto Blue Springs Rd. and go 1.6 miles to Hunter Fish Camp Road. Turn right and go 2/3 mile down this house-lined road to the boat ramp on the left, downhill from the road.)

    For maps, latitude/longitude data, driving directions, satellite imagery, and topographic representations as well as  weather conditions at this spring, go to Greg Johnson's informative "Florida Springs Database" web site at the following address:  http://www.ThisWaytothe.Net/springs/floridasprings.htm#Florida

    Spring Description
    The spring flows from an opening in the limestone bottom.  The surface is covered in duckweed, the areas is completely canopied, and the water is greenish, so visibility is poor.  The ledge appears to be about 6 feet beneath the surface, and JF was unable to determine how large it was.  There is no boil on the surface.  Land rises sharply above the water to form a bluff up to 60 feet high.  Almost directly above the spring is a natural cavity in the limestone that appears to have been extended by human use.  The small cave is about 6 feet wide, three-four feet high, and extends back about 20 feet.  The spring is named for this "hole in the rock."

    Use/Access

    Personal Impressions
    The site is very attractive--especially the little cave on the bluff.  The spring, however, being covered in duckweek, is invisible and only of interest to scuba divers.

    Nearby Springs

    Other Nearby Natural Features
    Three Rivers State Park
    Falling Water State Park
    Torreya State Park
    Florida Caverns State Park
    Apalachicola Bluffs and Ravines Preserve
     
     


    Gator Spring
    Jackson County

    Summary of Features
    Scale—uknown
    Scenery—excellent
    How Pristine?—completely pristine
    Swimming—no
    Protection—unknown
    Wildlife—very good
    Crowds—some use on warm weekends
    Access—very good, boat only
    Facilities—none
    Safety—fair
    Scuba—yes, lights needed
    Cost—free

    Directions
    From U.S. 90 in Marianna, turn north on 71 at the Wal-Mart and go to Blue Springs Road. Turn right at the big John Deer sign onto Blue Springs Rd. and go 1.6 miles to Hunter Fish Camp Road. Turn right and go 2/3 mile down this house-lined road to the boat ramp on the left, downhill from the road. Put in at boat ramp and paddle through cypress trees directly into and then across the Mill Pond to the SE bank, about 150 yards.

    For maps, latitude/longitude data, driving directions, satellite imagery, and topographic representations as well as  weather conditions at this spring, go to Greg Johnson's informative "Florida Springs Database" web site at the following address:  http://www.ThisWaytothe.Net/springs/floridasprings.htm#Florida

    Spring Description
    This spring is an exposed limestone outcrop at the base of the 30+-foot bank set into the bluff. The opening is an upside-down v-shaped cleft that is about 4 feet wide at the bottom and narrows to a point at the top. The opening extends beneath the surface to the bottom, which is about five feet deep. Ferns grow on of the rock around the cave. The surface near the cave was almost completely covered in duckweed, and some eel grass was also present. No water was visible flowing out of the cave, but the duckweed does not extend into the cave, suggesting it is pushed out by the flow.  A diver told JF that one can travel--swimming with side-mounted tanks and lights--about 250 feet into the cave.  There is a smaller cleft a few feet to the left of the main opening, and the bottom was 5-6 feet deep on dates of visit in 2001.

    Use/Access

    Personal Impressions
    The authors have not seen anything like Gator Spring in Florida. Nearby Shangri-La Spring, just below the headwater of Merritt’s Mill Pond, is about the same size and shape and is also against the limestone bank. However, the opening to Shangri-La is completely under the water, as is the case for nearly all springs. Gator Spring is halfway out of the water. Conceivably, a swimmer or snorkeler could swim directly into it, although lights are strongly recommended. The spring is a small package, but is very visually appealing and well worth a visit.

    Nearby Springs

    Other Nearby Natural Features
    Three Rivers State Park
    Falling Water State Park
    Torreya State Park
    Florida Caverns State Park
    Apalachicola Bluffs and Ravines Preserve
     
     

    Spring Lake Spring Group

    Located in southwestern Jackson County, Spring Lake is not a lake at all, but is rather the spring run that has Mill Pond Spring at its head and Springboard, Double, Black, and Gadsen (or Gadsden) Springs along the first two miles of its run and contributing to it.  After several miles, the "lake" is renamed Dry Creek, is fed by additional creeks, and flows into the Chipola River after an estimated 13 miles.

    The only public boat ramp for Spring Lake is near Black Spring; all the other springs can be reached from this ramp by passing through the Black Spring basin and into the Spring Lake run.  There are several houses along the run, including houses adjacent to Springboard and Mill Pond Springs.  No landfall may be made at these sites, and signs near Mill Pond Spring say that the water is also private property.  Except for the few houses, the spring run is in a natural state and is very attractive.

    On the day the authors visited—a time of historic drought (Feb. 2001), the "lake" was only three or four inches deep in most places and had many sandbars.  The authors were frequently forced to dig their paddles into the sand to propel the canoe.  In other places, the water was a 1-2 feet deep.  The bottom is sandy and soft—one can sink as much as a foot into it and have a shoe sucked off. Access is easier in times of higher water levels.

    Double Springs is actually a karst window, or what was previously termed a spring-sink combination.  The "window" is not fully enclosed, however, and water from the spring also flows into Spring Lake.  The authors saw three people while on the "Lake," and none of them was friendly.

    After visiting the area, JF was told by a diver that there is another small and attractive spring called Casket Spring that is between Springboard and Mill Pond Spring in the NW corner of the "lake."  Another visit will be required to locate, photograph, and describe this spring, which was described as being coffin-shaped.

    Overall, the Spring Lake run and springs are very interesting and appealing.  It is a great pity that this area did not get into state hands many years ago before the houses were built around most of the springs.   It comes cloe to rivaling the Ichetucknee River for natural beauty, springs, and recreational potential.
     
     

    Black Spring
    Jackson County

    Summary of Features
    Scale—2nd magnitude
    Scenery—excellent
    How Pristine?—very pristine
    Swimming—poor-fair
    Protection—unknown
    Crowds—boat traffic on warm weekends
    Access—good, boat only
    Facilities—none
    Safety—unknown
    Scuba—yes
    Cost—free

    Directions
    From U.S. 90 in Marianna, go west on Highway 276, pass under Interstate 10, and continue on to Highway 167. Turn left and go until you pass County Road 1656. Continue on 1.1 miles to Mystery Springs Road. A gray doublewide trailer home is at the intersection. Turn left and proceed 1.4 miles on a dirt road until it and the forest on the left seem to end and there is a large "No Trespassing" sign. Turn left just before the sign onto a narrow dirt road and drive about 100 yards to the water, which is the east run of Black Spring. Proceed by boat 200-300 feet to the left (west) to the spring basin.

    The other four springs in this section (Double, Mill Pond, Gadsen, and Springboard), are all accessible from this boat ramp.

    For maps, latitude/longitude data, driving directions, satellite imagery, and topographic representations as well as  weather conditions at this spring, go to Greg Johnson's informative "Florida Springs Database" web site at the following address:  http://www.ThisWaytothe.Net/springs/floridasprings.htm#Florida

    Spring Description
    The basin is round and about 150 feet across. The water is clear and very dark with visibility of 2-3 feet only; the name of the spring is derived from this dark, reflective water. According to Rosenau et al. (1977, p. 173), the spring is 75 feet deep and has nearly vertical sides. There are water lettuce and hyacinth in the basin. The spring is surrounded by dense floodplain forest.

    The spring has two runs that radiate from its basin, each of which is about 100 yards long: one to the east (and the boat launch before continuing east in a swampy area) and one to the west (toward Spring Lake). The western run then splits around a small island, with one channel continuing west and upriver in Spring Lake and the other north and east toward the downstream portion of Spring Lake and the Chipola River. The runs are about 50 feet wide and 1-6 feet deep.

    Use/Access

    Local Springiana
    Cows were heard lowing a short distance south of the spring.

    Personal Impressions
    The authors had wanted to visit this spring for several years, and its natural beauty met all their expectations. It is a wild place in a very rural area and feels remote and peaceful.

    Nearby Springs

    Other Nearby Natural Features
    Florida Caverns State Park
    Torreya State Park
    Falling Waters State Recreation Area
    Apalachicola National Forest
    Apalachicola Bluffs and Ravines Preserve
     
     



    Double Spring
    Jackson County

    Summary of Features
    Scale—2nd magnitude
    Scenery—fine-excellent
    How Pristine?—houses and docks adjacent to spring/sink; otherwise natural
    Swimming—fine
    Protection—unknown
    Crowds—none
    Access—boat only, no fishing or landfall allowed
    Facilities—none
    Safety—unknown
    Scuba—yes
    Cost—free

    Directions
    From U.S. 90 in Marianna, go west on Highway 276, pass under Interstate 10, and continue on to Highway 167. Turn left and go until you pass County Road 1656. Continue on 1.1 miles to Mystery Springs